Herbert von Karajan was among the most famous conductors of all time -- a man whose talent and autocratic bearing lifted him to a position of unprecedented dominance in European musical circles. He was born on April 5, 1908 in Salzburg, Austria, to a cultured Austrian family of Greek descent (their original name was Karajannis). His musical training began at the Mozarteum Conservatory in Salzburg where he studied piano with Franz Ledwenke, theory with Franz Zauer, and composition with
Bernhard Paumgartner, who encouraged
Karajan to pursue conducting.
Karajan graduated from the conservatory in 1926, and continued his studies at the Vienna Academy of Music and Performing Arts, where he studied piano with Josef Hofman and conducting with
Alexander Wunderer and
Franz Schalk.
Karajan's conducting debut came on January 22, 1929, with the Mozarteum Orchestra in Salzburg. Consequently, the young maestro directed a performance of
Strauss' Salome at the Salzburg Festspielhaus, and was named principal conductor of the Ulm Stadttheater, where he remained in that capacity until 1934.
The next fourteen years saw the young conductor's reputation grow rapidly. He was named music director of the Aachen Stadttheater (1934-1942), had his debut at the
Vienna State Opera (1937), and accepted a position with the Deutsch Grammophon Gesellschaft (1938-1943). In 1939,
Karajan was appointed conductor of the
Berlin State Opera, and director of the Preussiche Staatskapelle Symphony concerts. In 1948, he was appointed for life, to the position of director of the Chorale Society at the Society of the Friends of Music, in Vienna.
In 1948,
Herbert von Karajan also served at the
Vienna Symphony Orchestra, the Philharmonia Orchestra, and La Scala, before succeeding
Wilhelm Furtwängler as the music director of the
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra -- a union that would cement his reputation as one of the world's premier conductors. In 1955,
Karajan brought that orchestra to the United States on the first of many international tours. The decade that followed saw
Karajan accept several appointments, including those to the Salzburg Festival and the Vienna State Opera. In 1967,
Karajan had his Metroplitan Opera debut, conducting a performance of
Wagner's Die Walküre, and the same year, founded the Salzburg Easter Festival. In 1968, the
Herbert von Karajan Foundation was founded to support the research of "conscious musical perception."
Herbert von Karajan was awarded the "Ring of the Province of Salzburg," Golden Grammophone, Arts Prize (Lucerne), Grand Prix International du Disque, Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society, German Golden Disc Prize, UNESCO International Music Prize, Olympia Prize of the Onassis Foundation, and multiple Grammophone awards, among others. He was elected to an honorary senate seat at the University of Salzburg. The maestro was also recognized with honorary degrees from a host of universities.
Karajan, along with Akio Morita and
Norio Ohga (president and vice-president respectively, of Japanese Sony Group), unveiled and presented the Compact Disc Digital Audio System in 1981. In 1982,
Karajan founded Telemondial S.A.M. with Uli Markle, in an effort to document the maestro's illustrious legacy on videotape and laser disc, and to help broaden the scope of "musical expression," through the use of modern technology. In 1984,
Karajan recorded the complete
Beethoven symphonies with film adaptation, made possible by his own Telemondial. In 1988, Deutsch Grammophone released a collection of one hundred "masterworks" recordings made by the conductor.
Herbert von Karajan's discography is impressive to say the least, and will certainly endure in musical arenas, as some of the most valued interpretations of the
repertoire available.
Herbert von Karajan, often referred to as "general music director of Europe," died in Salzburg of heart failure July 16, 1989. ~ David Brensilver, All Music Guide
Georges Bizet: Carmen
Johann Strauss, Josef Strauss: Waltzes & Polkas